Groundwater resources are explored in nature with the development of irrigation activities,industrialization, and urbanization etc. This study focuses on mapping the quality of groundwater using Geographical Information System (GIS) software. The main source of sweet water is Rain, but the water available from the rain is not regular and uniformly spread throughout year. So the rainwater could be stored by any method in rain. When the rainwater is stored on the surface but there would not be sufficient capacities of structures developed for the rainwater harvesting. Little quantity of the rainwater is recharged in the subsurface and underground.
Dowsed Location of the optimum Drilling-Point / Site for a Tube-Well / Open Well over a suitable Hydrologic-Cycle Subterranean Water Vein (Stream). From the time the earth was formed, water has been endlessly circulating. Groundwater lies almost everywhere below the earth's surface. More than two million cubic miles of fresh water is stored in the earth, and half of that is within a half mile of the surface. Groundwater does not rest; it moves continuously, but at a snail's pace, from its point of entry to areas of natural discharge. Groundwater moves so slowly that its speed is measured in metres per day, and even per year. (Surface water velocities are described in metres per second.) Wells intercept some groundwater but most of it continues until it re-appears naturally in a spring or a seepage area and joins a watercourse.
This circulation is known as the hydrologic cycle. Groundwater is part of this continuous cycle as water evaporates, forms clouds, and returns to earth as precipitation. The Process: surface water is evaporated from the earth by the energy of the sun. The water vapour forms clouds in the sky. Depending on the temperature and weather conditions, the water vapour condenses and falls to the earth as different types of precipitation. Some precipitation runs from high areas to low areas on the earth's surface. This is known as surface run-off. Other precipitation seeps into the ground and is stored as groundwater.
Think of groundwater as water that fills the spaces between rocks and soil particles underground, in much the same way as water fills a sponge. Groundwater begins as precipitation and soaks into the ground where it is stored in underground geological water systems called aquifers. Rocks that hold water are termed aquifers and the best aquifers are to be found in sedimentary rock formations, as these are the most porous and therefore able to hold a large amount of water. The transmissivity (volume throughput) of water through sedimentary rock is rapid in comparison to less porous rocks. This property is crucial for aquifers that are used to supply drinking water. It allows the extraction of large quantities of water without depleting the long-term supply, because recharge of the aquifer takes place on a short timescale. |
